Production process of cellulose products

The production of cellulose products begins with the acquisition and pretreatment of raw materials. Common cellulose raw materials include wood (softwood and hardwood), cotton linter, bamboo, hemp plants, and agricultural waste (such as straw, bagasse, etc.). Raw material pretreatment usually includes steps such as washing, crushing and screening to remove impurities and obtain material sizes suitable for subsequent processing. For lignocellulosic raw materials, lignin and hemicellulose need to be separated by chemical or mechanical methods. This process is called pulping. Chemical pulping methods (such as the sulfate process and sulfite process) are efficient but polluting, while mechanical pulping methods are more environmentally friendly but have lower yields.
Purified cellulose can be made into various products through different processing methods. In the papermaking industry, cellulose fibers are made into paper through processes such as pulping, adding additives, forming and drying. For regenerated cellulose products (such as viscose fibers), cellulose is first dissolved in a specific solvent (such as sodium hydroxide/carbon disulfide system) and then reshaped into fibers through a spinning process. In recent years, new environmentally friendly solvent systems such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) have been developed for the production of lyocell fibers. The production of nanocellulose usually uses acid hydrolysis, mechanical treatment or enzyme treatment to depolymerize cellulose fibers to the nanoscale.

Production process
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Raw material processing technology
Typical raw material processing process:
Raw material selection → cleaning and crushing → steaming and softening → mechanical separation → bleaching and refining
Traditional pulping technology
Chemical method: sulfate method (yield 45-55%)
Mechanical method: energy consumption 8,000-12,000 kWh/ton
Biological method: enzyme treatment time 24-72h
Nanocellulose preparation
Acid hydrolysis method: yield 30-50%
High-pressure homogenization method: energy consumption 2000-5000 kWh/ton
Enzyme-assisted method: cost reduction 20-30%
Application Areas
Paper Industry
Textile Industry
food additives
Pharmaceutical excipients: microcrystalline cellulose for tablets
Battery separator
Water treatment materials
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