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1.A research and development enterprise specializing in the production of cigarette filter rods made of polylactic acid fibers
Currently, polylactic acid fiber cigarette filter tips are used as the material for producing cigarette filters. Research and application on it have made certain progress, but it has not yet achieved widespread commercial application. Here are some research and development enterprises.
Anhui Fengyuan Biofiber Co., Ltd.: A production demonstration line for tens of thousands of tons of polylactic acid fibers and yarn products has been established, including a demonstration line for annual production of 200 tons of polylactic acid filament. This line has been successfully applied to health care cigarette products such as Hubei Zhongyan and San Chang Huaxiang cigarettes.
Shaanxi Jinye Education and Science Group Co., Ltd.: Its second-level subsidiary, Hubei Yuyang Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd., mainly engages in the production and processing of cigarette filter rods, cigarette acrylic fiber bundles, and polylactic acid fiber bundles.
Eastern Bay (Yangzhou) Bio-New Materials Co., Ltd.: Located in Tongqiao Town, Guangling District, with an area of 120 mu for the first phase of the project, an investment of 800 million yuan, and the construction of an 80,000-ton protein fiber bio-based composite fiber production line. The second phase plans to work with the government to build a bio-based health industrial park, with a planned land area of 300 mu, an investment of 5 billion yuan, and the construction of a 120,000-ton protein fiber production line, a 200,000-ton bio-based modified material project, and a polylactic acid cigarette silk bundle project.
Fujian Minrui New Fibre Co., Ltd.: On March 5, 2024, according to the announcement of the National Intellectual Property Administration, the company has applied for a patent titled "A Preparation Process for a Biodegradable Fiber Bundle", which describes a method for producing a fiber bundle that uses both biodegradable polymers for the core and the sheath, thereby enabling the biodegradability of the tobacco fibre bundle. The biodegradable resin includes polylactic acid resin or a blend of polylactic acid with PBS and PBAT.
Jiangsu Heji Tobacco Materials Co., Ltd.: On November 9, 2024, the planned total investment is 1 billion yuan RMB, and the project aims to produce 100,000 tons of polylactic acid fibers annually.
2. Advantages of Poly-Lactic Acid Fiber for Cigarette Paper Rolls
Because the smoke released during cigarette combustion contains substances such as tar and nicotine (nicotine) which are harmful to human health, it is required that the cigarette filter can remove the harmful components in the smoke. Additionally, the filter must have appropriate resistance to inhalation, hardness, rod weight, roundness and comply with hygiene standards.
In the traditional cigarette industry, the main material for filter tips was cellulose acetate. For cigarette use, the main type was diacetic acid, also known as diethylene glycol cellulose. Polypropylene fiber is also called polypropylene cellulose. Apart from the low-end cigarettes, it is still used in the remaining types, such as counterfeit cigarettes and privately-made cigarettes. The cigarette filter tips made of diacetic acid cellulose filament have the advantages of being non-toxic, odorless, having a low absorption rate, good adsorption effect, firm texture, high efficiency in retaining smoke tar, and good elasticity and thermal stability. Therefore, diacetic acid cellulose filament is widely used in the tobacco industry.
Overall, the poly(lactic acid) fiber cigarette silk strands have the following advantages.
Good biodegradability: Polylactic acid is derived from natural plants and can be naturally decomposed by the human body. It can completely degrade into carbon dioxide and water in the environment within a few months, posing no potential harm to the environment. Compared to traditional cellulose acetate filament filter materials used in tobacco, it is more environmentally friendly.
Strong adsorption performance: The poly(lactic acid) fiber filament bundle has a strong adsorption capacity and elimination ability for harmful components in the flue gas. It can effectively adsorb aldehyde-ketone compounds, heavy metal ions and other harmful substances in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes, thereby reducing the harm to the human body.
Similar smoke and taste to acetate fiber filter: The filter made of polylactic acid fibers has a smoke and taste on cigarettes that is similar to that of acetate fiber filters. It can meet the needs of consumers and is a feasible alternative to filter materials.
3. The potential for replacing poly(lactic acid) fiber in cigarette filter rods
At present, the total global output of cellulose acetate fibers is approximately 750,000 to 800,000 tons, accounting for 3% of the world's total chemical fiber production. Among them, the silk fibers for cigarettes amount to about 550,000 to 570,000 tons, which constitutes the main proportion. The price of cellulose acetate fibers is approximately 20,000 yuan per ton, and it is a very high-grade material. The prices of nicotine and cantharidin extracted from cigarette butts are even higher. The value of cigarette-specific cellulose acetate fibers in China reaches 4 billion yuan.
The data from 2013 shows that the market demand for tobacco-grade acetic acid fiber filaments in China was approximately 280,000 tons.
The major producers of cigarette-grade acrylate fiber bundles in our country include Nantong Acrylic Fiber Co., Ltd. (with an annual production capacity of 10.5 million tons), Xi'an Huidai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. and Xi'an Da'an Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (with an annual production capacity of 400,000 tons), Kunming Acrylic Fiber Co., Ltd. (with an annual production capacity of 3.5 million tons), Zhuhai Acrylic Fiber Co., Ltd. (with an annual production capacity of 3.5 million tons), and Doubleway Eastman Fiber Co., Ltd. (with an annual production capacity of 300,000 tons), etc.
4. Preparation method of cigarette silk bundles made of polylactic acid fibers
Modified activated carbon and polylactic acid composite spinning method: First, the activated carbon is treated with ammonia water to obtain pre-modified activated carbon. Then, the pre-modified activated carbon is alternately immersed in an anionic polyelectrolyte solution and a cationic polyelectrolyte solution using the layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly technology to obtain modified activated carbon. At the same time, modified polylactic acid is prepared by reacting polylactic acid with allyl quaternary ammonium salt. Next, the modified polylactic acid and modified activated carbon are mixed to form a skin layer spinning solution, and then hollow porous polylactic acid fibers are fabricated through coaxial electrospinning. Finally, the fibers are processed through drawing, curling, drying, etc. to obtain degradable polylactic acid fiber bundles.
Adding filler reinforcement method: Add carbon nanotubes, modified sepiolite powder and other fillers to polylactic acid to enhance the mechanical properties and heat resistance temperature of the polylactic acid composite material. For example, first modify the carbon nanotubes, then mix and melt them with modified sepiolite powder and polylactic acid, and spin to obtain the initial fiber bundle of polylactic acid. Then, stretch, curl and heat set the initial fiber bundle to obtain the polylactic acid fiber bundle used for cigarette filter tips.
Blending modification method: Mix poly-L-lactic acid, poly-D-lactic acid, poly-lactic acid copolymer, stearic acid and its salt compounds in a certain proportion evenly, then extrude and granulate to obtain modified poly-lactic acid resin particles. Next, add the particles to the spinning machine for spinning. After cooling, stretching and shaping treatment, a degradable cigarette filter tip filament bundle can be produced.
